Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of CNS demyelinating disorders in Zambia

Demyelinating disease occurs in a population of black adult Zambians whose genetic and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis are thought to be rare. The diagnosis of demyelinating disease was based predominantly on compatible clinical history and neurologic exam findings, and in some cases, more definitely established by cerebrospinal fluid exam and imaging findings. When available, laboratory studies excluded other known causes of CNS demyelination. Timely evaluation and treatment with disease-modifying therapies was related to the patient's employment status. Lack of financial means to go abroad was a major hurdle in a patient's ability to receive treatment. Significant barriers often prohibit timely diagnosis and prevent proper management of these patients.